Tourist spending and productivity of economy in OECD countries – Research on perspectives of sustainable tourism

Tourism represents the sector of services which is developing the most considerably and dynamically. However, its development is influenced by: trends in globalization, process of demographic aging, economic parameters, geographical conditions of a country, consumers, and other aspects. The following aspects contribute to its development: new destinations, markets, innovative activities in service sector, and also technological development. Tourism plays a significant economic role in a process of sustainable regional development, where it helps to develop low-growth regions. Monitoring and quantification of tourism outputs is a very complicated process. There also absents a quality database, which complicates a quantification of sector’s efficiency and a creation of national and international benchmarking indicators that inform of sustainable tourism level. These aspects demand a realization of multi-dimensional analyses, which would examine causal relations between tourism factors and economic parameters of a country. The study’s moti vation was driven by all of the above-mentioned facts. It aims at researching an influence of tourism spending on OECD countries’ productivity. Consequently, it evaluates their potential of the sector’s sustainability. Multiple analytical procedures, which were determined by database availability, were performed in order to achieve the, research aim. The following analyses were performed besides the descriptive statistics: variance analysis of researched variables between individual years and OECD countries, context analysis, regression and cluster analyses. There were analysed 5 variables that characterize individual types of tourist spending: Business Tourism Spending, Domestic Tourism Spending, Leisure Tourism Spending, Outbound Travel & Tourism Expenditure, Visitor Exports (Foreign Spending) and one variable that characterizes productivity during 2010 – 2018 for all OECD countries. Spending variables were standardized per 1,000 inhabitants of a given country and productivity was measured by GDP per capita, while both groups of variables were provided in USD (fair value). The analyses’ results provided interesting findings. The regression models’ outputs confirmed an influence of tourist spending on a country’s productivity. All variables that indicate spending are significant. The cluster analysis’s results allowed a selection of countries into four groups. There is two huge clusters and other two clusters represent only one countries in specific cluster. Luxemburg and Iceland give us different values than countries in other clusters. The countries with higher rank are as follows: Australia (AUS), Austria (AUT), Belgium (BEL), Canada (CAN), Germany (DEU), Denmark (DNK), Finland (FIN), France (FRA), Unites Kingdom (GBR), Switzerland (CHE), Ireland (IRL), Italy (ITA), Netherland (NLD), Norway (NOR), New Zealand (NZL), Sweden (SWE), United States (USA), Island (ISL) and Luxembourg (LUX). On the other hand, the countries with lower rank are as follows: Czech Republic CZE, Spain (ESP), Estonia (EST), Greece (GRC), Hungary (HUN), Chile (CHL), Israel (ISR), Japan (JPN), Korea (KOR), Lithuania (LTU), Latvia (LVA), Mexico (MEX), Poland (POL), Portugal (PRT), Slovak Republic (SVK), Slovenia (SVN) and Turkey (TUR). These findings provide a space for a deeper research of effect between determinants of tourism development and economic indicators, while they enable to reveal a space for a growth of countries’ productivity that would provide a sustainability in tourism sector. © Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center. All rights reserved

Neuro-Linguistic Programming and Managerial Communication

Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) can be considered as a tool for the identification and change of communication behaviour. NLP is based on the concept of the construct of behaviour created by the series of stages, which are perceived as one action. In this chapter, the attention is paid to the NLP characteristics, NLP techniques, mainly to representational systems, rapport, pacing and leading. The chapter presents the results from the research of the assessment of NLP based on comparing the respondents who attended NLP trainings and those who did not attend NLP trainings and comparing managers and non-managers. The research results indicate the effectiveness of NLP in the context of managerial communication

Impact of gender inequalities in the causes of mortality on the competitiveness of OECD countries

The aim of the present study is to quantify the relations between gender inequalities in mortality by selected causes of mortality and between competitiveness of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Data for the analyses were obtained from OECD databases and the World Economic Forum (Global Competitiveness Index), for the years 2011–2016, for all 36 countries. The methods of descriptive analysis, analysis of differences in causes of mortality by gender characteristics, regression analysis, relationship analysis of gender inequalities in causes of mortality and competitiveness, and cluster analysis were used for the statistical data processing. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that gender inequality occurs in most of the examined mortality groups of diagnoses, while it was most significant in the case of mortality due to neoplasms. The impacts of mortality on competitiveness are significant. In assessing gender inequalities in causes of mortality, significant impacts were seen in most mortality causes, but the most significant impact was identified within mortality due to neoplasms. Emphasis should be placed on men when reducing inequalities. Health and health equity should be supported by national governments, and health equity should be one of the key performance indicators of the country. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.RVO 2020 internal grant scheme of the Tomas Bata University in Zli

Development of Income Taxes in Slovakia and the European Union in the Light of Recent Economic Changes in Europe

Political, economic, and social developments in the world have undergone relatively turbulent changes over the last two decades. The European Union has not avoided them either. Naturally, any such change directly or indirectly affects the national economies of individual countries. Governments adapt to the new conditions through measures in the areas of employment, production, taxes, levies, and the like. This paper aims to examine the development of income taxes in Slovakia and other countries of the EU. Personal income tax and corporate income tax are the most significant direct taxes in all Member States in terms of collection volume. Their development varies from one region of Europe to another. Therefore, the idea of greater tax harmonization in the Union regularly runs into the arguments of countries in favor of maintaining tax competition. The paper seeks the similarity of individual tax systems and suggests a possible procedure in their further convergence

Smoking behaviour of university students: A descriptive study

BACKGROUND: The theoretical background of the study shows the importance of the issue of smoking behaviour, especially in the case of students. Despite the declining trend of smoking in recent decades, it is still one of the leading causes of death, disease, and mental disorders worldwide. AIM: The main objective of the study is to evaluate the incidence of smoking in the population of university students in the territory geographically determined by the Slovak Republic. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS (METHODS): The data was obtained by questioning and the collection itself was carried out via an electronically distributed questionnaire in 2020. Frequency analysis and Pearson’s χ2 test were used to meet the above-mentioned objective. SAMPLE (PARTICIPANTS): The sampling can be characterized by a combination of selection based on voluntariness and availability, and after that quota selection was applied to complete the representativeness of the sample. Excluding the invalid observations, the sample consists of 1612 responses of students of Slovak universities. The analyses included the identification variables (Gender, Degree of Study, Year of Study, Form of Study, Residence – home, Residence – school), also included the dichotomous variable determining smoking and the Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioural Questionnaire (GNSBQ) scale. RESULTS: In general, from the results it can be seen that about one-third of the students (36.36%) are smokers. Using the GNSBQ scale, Mild Addiction was observed in 55.06% of cases, followed by Moderate Addiction (33.16%) and Strong Addiction (10.82%), and the smallest group of smokers showed Very Strong Addiction (0.94%). Looking at the differences between smokers and non-smokers, as well as at the differences between the chosen identification variables in the GNSBQ categories of smokers, it is not possible to speak of differences that would clearly distinguish a smoker from a non-smoker. CONCLUSIONS: One of the riskiest periods of life in terms of acquiring smoking habits is the period of studying at university. Prevention and awareness of the harmful effects of smoking is therefore necessary for students. © 2020, Sdruzeni SCAN. All rights reserved.Univerzita Tomáše Bati ve Zlín

Podoby regionálneho a miestneho rozvoja

This monograph aims to provide insights into the study of regional and local development in the context of the Slovak Republic. The first chapter defines a region as a system and describes tools for regional strategic planning and regional innovation policy. The second chapter discusses the theoretical background of local economic development and its framework in Slovakia. The third chapter is devoted to the role of stakeholders in development policy. The fourth chapter touches on indicators of sustainable development. The fifth chapter discusses regional disparities with a focus on regional disparities from the perspective of poverty, and the sixth chapter explores the role of human and social capital in regional development. Finally, the last chapter is devoted to practical possibilities of assessing structural funds' impact on regions' economic performance